In Question

 

Australia’s Independent Monetary

System




and

 

Industries Lost

 

Explained in Brief

(Draft)

 

?

Australia’s Monetary Policy

 

 

?

 

?

 

?

 

 

 

 

?

 

 

 

?

         There is often talk of ‘the great contribution to Australia’s national income by its export industries’. But that ignores the reality of Australia’s independent monetary system that we have had since 1983, when Australia adopted the Floating Exchange Rate System.  

 

‘Monetary Independence’ means that Australia’s economy is now isolated from the benefits of international trade.

         

An independent monetary system is ensured by keeping foreign receipts and payments equal.  The more Australia exports the more it must immediately import.  That requires people to stop buying Australian products and buy imports instead.  The increase in exports causes the exchange rate to rise and make imports cheaper and more competitive than domestic equivalents.

 

Thus not only is there no gain to the nation’s total income from export earnings, export growth also undermines domestic industries.

 

It is questionable as to whether the income ‘earned’ by exporters is adequate compensation to the nation for the consequent loss of domestic industries; and the trade, businesses, jobs associated with them, and the lower multiplier effect.

 

It is possible that under the current ‘Independent’ monetary system, the more that Australia reduces its exports, the more its domestic industries, and the nation as a whole, stand to prosper.



Originated  October 2020

 

        Australia’s recent trade surpluses have been acclaimed as meaning that Australia’s economic position is improving.

 

However, Australia must not only pay for its imports, it must pay for services from foreign countries such as freight, travel as well as financial services such as dividends and interest on debt.

 

As foreign investment and foreign debt increases in Australia, the cost of dividends and debt will rise.  To pay for these expenses, Australia may have to export more than it imports, resulting in a trade surplus. 

 

Therefore, under the independent monetary system, such a trade surplus does not mean that the situation has improved.   It can mean that we must now export more to service our rising debts, leaving us less money to spend on imports.    Therefore, a trade surplus can mean that the situation has become worse.

Originated  5 February 2021

 

For more details in regard to the above insights go to:

 

 

?

Australia’s Monetary Policy

 

 

?

 

 

?

 

?

 

 

?

 

 

 

 

?

 

 

 

 

Download as PDF File

 

?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

?

 

 

 

 

?

 

 

 

?

 

 

?

 

 

?

 

 

 

Download as PDF File

 

?

 

?

 

 

 

?

http://www.buoyanteconomies.com/

 

which includes the following:

 

 The Demise of Australian Industries

 

Understanding the Float

 

and

 

 

 

 ?

Buoyant Economies Submission to the Financial System Inquiry  -

 

Para 3.6 …..  .“Without money entering the economy from international trade, the only source of monetary growth was from bank lending, or what many economists prefer to call “investment”……..  .. the economy needs additional money to facilitate the increased transactions associated with economic growth.     Therefore, the Australian economy became dependant upon more “investment” (bank credit) to attain economic growth.”

 

This last observation is interesting in the light of recent revelations about bank misdemeanours:    

 

The Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking …. Industry  2019  comes to mind. (??)  Also of some relevance in this regard are the fines by ASIC & AUSTRAC  2014 to 2020   (The Sydney Morning Herald article of 24 Sep 2020 by Charlotte GrieveHow Westpac's record-breaking fine compares to others” offers comment in respect of this matter.) ??? 

 

What is to say that any sense of ‘self serving’ and ‘entitlement’ (& greed?) that was associated with these offences was not ‘at play’ in the banks gaining and maintaining the position of privilege that they have in the Australian economy as theonly source of monetary growth’ (i.e. bank lending) courtesy of the ‘Independent Monetary System’???  (Para 3.6 above refers) 

 

The profitability associated with this privileged status as the “only source of monetary growth” is greatly facilitated by the banks being able to, in effect, ‘print money’.   As is the case with the money that is made available by a bank to you, as a borrower which didn’t exist until it was credited to your account”. (Bank of England ‘How Money is Created’ refers).  

 

In any case, it would seem (from Para 3.6 quoted above) in adopting this ‘independent’ monetary system that “the great contribution to Australia’s national income by its export industries” has been replaced by expanding indebtedness and its associated vulnerabilities???

 

 

If made aware, many people might see the failings of ‘Australia’s Independent Monetary System’ in stark contrast to the incredibly privileged situation for the banking sector within that same monetary system??   They might then perhaps wonder why the national needs are caused to be in second place to the ambitions of the banking sector?? If so, they might then actually ask: “Why is it so”???  and

 

 “Isn’t the Banking Sector supposed to be serving the Nation, instead of the other way round”??

   

They might also say:

 

Surely, Australia is entitled to have a better, more equitable, impartial,

and

trustworthy monetary system ???

 

 

The incredulous might exclaim: 

 

“No growth in national income from our exports”?! “We lose domestic industries, businesses, and jobs??!

 “We in effect give away our iron and coal to foreigners”???! “But we gain lots of big holes in the ground”????! 

and

“We’ve been ‘selling-off the farm’ to foreigners to raise capital” ????? !!!

 

Another might query:

 

“How can this ongoing damage to our nation’s economy be allowed to continue?

and

“Is it the result of a breach of duty”??

 

Perhaps those that have lost their livelihood in consequence of this system might say a lot more?  Restrained questions from that quarter might be:

 

Why are Australia’s domestic industries continuing to be put at risk by the nation’s

 currency being knowingly allowed to cause them to be uncompetitive against imports”?? 

and

 

“Who is it that facilitates this – Who is culpable”??? 

and

 

How come India now adjusts its exchange rate to ensure that its domestic industries are competitive

 against imports,   but Australia doesn’t ????    Why not ?????

and

 

“Why is it that China has avoided adopting the independent monetary system

and their economy seems to have done so much better

  than the many countries that didn’t “??

 

 

However, there is talk that action has recently been taken in Australia that has ‘saved local exporters and import-competing businesses from much harsher conditions’[1]  ??  

 

 

But still the incredulous have reason to ponder:

 

“38 years of institutionalised attrition” ??

and

 

“38 years of Industries, Businesses, and Jobs being eliminated, - 

But the Banks have been ‘making a mint’ ???

or perhaps

 

“WHAT!   38  years of  Industries,  Businesses, and  Jobs  being  eradicated,   &

our Mineral Resources virtually given away  -  to foreigners !   - 

But the Banks   have been laughing all the way” ???

 

 

A more objective observer might ask:

                                                                                          

“Has any relevant national authority recently (or ever) done a system / costing analysis or audit

of this ‘independent’ monetary system    and the way it is managed,

& in comparison to RBA charter objectives[2], and the previous system replaced in 1983?” 

 

To which a supporting inquiry might be:

 

 

 

 

 

Download as PDF File

 

?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

?

 

 

 

 

?

 

 

 

?

 

 

?

 

 

?

 

 

 

Download as PDF File

 

 

 

?

 

 

 

 

 

?

 

 

?

 

 

?

 

 

?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Download as PDF File

 

 

 

 

Didn’t the previous system yield 5% growth per annum??

The more observant might also ask[3]:

 

Why isn’t the exchange rate more competitive?   Perhaps 0.58 United States Dollar for $1 Australian”?

and

 

Surely the ‘powers that be’ want the prosperity that a competitive exchange rate

would bring to Australia?

and another respond:

 

Wouldn’t the farming industry want their export revenue to increase by 25%?

and a citizen of the state of South Australia demand:

 

 

What about the benefit that can result from Whyalla Steelworks being made internationally competitive by a more favourable exchange rate? - The many jobs associated with it?? -  The flow-on effect for the city of Whyalla, and the state

&

the nation”???!!

 

 

 

******************************

 

The puzzled, the incredulous, the observant, the objective, and the victims of the present system might all reasonably ask:

 

Why isn’t the monetary system, one that sets an exchange rate that is reliably stable, dependable, and internationally competitive?    (Instead of an unstable variable exchange rate system since 1983 that enables one sector of the economy to profit from exchange rate volatility    An arrangement that suggests indifference to wider national needs and the Central Bank’s Charter?)

 

Why isn’t the monetary system, one that enables the accumulation of foreign reserves to facilitate strong national economic growth?  (Instead of one that facilitates national indebtedness and the problems associated with it?)

 

Why isn’t the monetary system, one that primarily serves and benefits the wider national interest?  (One that encourages the prosperity of productive domestic and export industries, and the businesses and the jobs associated with them?)      

 

 

 

******************************

 

 

 

Aside from that, there are a few more questioning observations that might be put.   

 

 

 

 

A Better, More Equitable, Impartial, and Trustworthy Monetary System?

        

           It would seem that Australia's monetary policy shortcomings are more likely to be resolved if it were oversighted by an authority that reflects the nation's wider regional economic concerns? –

·        One that develops monetary policy?

·        One to whom the Central Bank would be accountable? 

·        One that encourages an exchange rate that favours Australia’s domestic industries; and the businesses and jobs that they represent?

·        One that has representation from each state???  and

·        One that is not naturally linked directly to; and biased in favour of one sector of the economy!

 

An example of such an organisation is the ‘European Commission’ as described in ‘Saving the Euro’ by Leigh Harkness, Part 7, Managing the Process to the Optimum Exchange Rate System  (Pages 59 to 84), http://www.buoyanteconomies.com/SavingTheEuro.pdf  .

 

 

 

A Matter of Curiosity

 

For much of 2021 so far,

the exchange rate for the Australian dollar has been caused to hover around $ 0.77 US.

Intriguing!

 

 


?

 ?     

 

?

 

Note:  This page is intended to provide a window into the considerable knowledge, experience, understanding,

research, and hard work evident at the Buoyant Economies website

 

e.g  The guided exchange rate and liquidity system

http://www.buoyanteconomies.com/Guided_exchange_rate_system.htm

Updated 13 June 2021

JG

 

?

 

 

?

 

 

?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Download as PDF File

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1 Christopher Joye,  Financial Review 29 Jan 2021

    2 RBA Charter objectives:  a. the stability of the currency of Australia; b. the maintenance of full employment in Australia; and c. the economic prosperity and welfare of the people of Australia

3 This section added 10 March 2021

 

 

          

Policy, Monetary Policy,  Australia’s Monetary Policy, Australia’s, Monetary Independence, independent monetary system, Australia’s Export Success & Domestic Industries Lost, Australia’s Exports & Lost Domestic Industries, Australia’s monetary policy, monetary policy, policy, Whyalla Steelworks, Whyalla Steelworks, Competitive  Exchange Rate, Competitive, Exchange Rate

Australia’s monetary system, The Australian monetary system, monetary policy, quantitative easing, Australia’s approach to monetary policy, Australia’s monetary policy, Australian monetary policy, Contribution to Australia’s national income by its export industries, Australia adopted the Floating Exchange Rate System, increase in exports, Australia’s Top Export Industries, Australia’s Top Imports and Ex[orts, Australia’s Main Exports,  Exporting from Australia,

Audit, system costing analysis, costing analysis,

 

Better Equitable Trustworthy Monetary System, Better  Monetary System, Trustworthy Monetary System, equitable Monetary System, More Trustworthy Monetary System, more equitable Monetary System, Iron and coal exports,  Australian iron and coal exports, Australian exports, Australian trade liberalisation, Free Trade, imports and Exports, Measuring National Income, GDP, Economy of Australia, Australia's Economy, Foreign Trade, International Trade, relationship between imports and Exports, Relationship, Imports impact on domestic industries, Imports effect on economy, exports effect on national income,   Australia’s economy isolated from benefits of international trade,  benefits of international trade, self serving and entitlement, Australia’s  Monetary  System,  source of monetary growth, Bank Lending, Independent Monetary System,  expanding indebtedness,  serving the Nation,  putting the nation at risk,  Australian domestic industries at risk,  Australian domestic industries vulnerable, National Monetary Commission,

 

Consequences of Imports and Exports, consequences, Impact of imports and exports on an economy, impact, on, importing and exporting, on an economy, deregulation, divided loyalties, failed, inept, mismanaged economy,  RBA, Reserve Bank of Australia, reserve, bank, of, Australia, Policy central Bank, ineptitude, governor, Philip, Lowe, R, B, A, Dept, Department, of the Treasury, Dept, treasury, banks, tail wagging the dog, tail, wagging, the, dog, failure, manufacturing, lost, industries, misguided, policy, RBA, Reserve Bank, policies,

Australia’s, lost industries, Australia’s Independent Monetary system. competitiveness of Australian products, when did Australia adopt, the float, floating exchange rate system, Australia, since the float,  exchange rate, competition, domestic, domestic debt, floating exchange rate system, float, floating, exchange, rate, system, systemic, problem, systemic problem,   competition, domestic, domestic debt, fiscal, fiscal debt, debt, isolates, isolates the money supply, money, supply, money supply, isolates economy, economy,  Rust Belt, rust belt,  competition, investment, foreign,  domestic industries, employment,  coal seam gas, gas, exports, cheap imports, cheap, mining, exports, unsustainable, debt, boom, recession, incompetence, ineptitude, systemic failure, failure, denial,  impact of the Floating Exchange Rate System & Deregulation on competition, impact of the Floating Exchange Rate System on competition, Impact of Deregulation on competition, debt, growing debt,  economy, recession,   resources boom, minerals, mineral wealth, resources, unstable, instability,  security, insecurity, exchange rate, market determined, variable, competitive, competitive exchange rate, competitive exchange rate system, competitive currency,

 

 



[1] Christopher Joye,  Financial Review 29 Jan 2021

[2] RBA Charter objectives:  a. the stability of the currency of Australia; b. the maintenance of full employment in Australia; and

c. the economic prosperity and welfare of the people of Australia.

[3] This section added 10 March 2021